CR Questions 37, 38

38). In experiments in which certain kinds of bacteria were placed in a generous supply of nutrients, the populations of bacteria grew rapidly, and genetic mutations occurred at random in the populations. These experiments show that all genetic mutation is random.

Which one of the following, if true, enables the conclusion to be properly drawn?

(A) Either all genetic mutations are random or none are random.

(B) The bacteria tested in the experiments were of extremely common forms.

(C) If all genetic mutations in bacteria are random, then all genetic mutations in every other life form are random also.

(D) The kind of environment in which genetic mutation takes place has no effect on the way genetic mutation occurs.

(E) The nutrients used were the same as those that nourish the bacteria in nature.

38). In the effort to fire a Civil Service employee, his or her manager may have to spend up to $100,000 of tax money. Since Civil Service employees know how hard it is to fire them, they tend to loaf. This explains in large part why the government is so inefficient.

It can be properly inferred on the basis of the statements above that the author believes which of the following?

I). Too much job security can have a negative influence on workers.
II). More government workers should be fired.
III). Most government workers are Civil Service employees.

Answer choices :

(A) I only
(B) I and III only
(C) II only
(D) I, II, and III
(E) III only


Answers --

37). OA - A - The genetic mutations in the experiment were random and therefore all genetic mutations have to be random, drawing the conclusion that all genetic mutations are random.

B - incorrect - what if the impact of environment is greater than the type of bacteria used.

C - incorrect - If all genetic mutations in bacteria are random, then all genetic mutations in every other life form are random also --- The experiment does not show that all genetic mutations in bacteria are random and therefore the conclusion that all genetic mutations are random can't be drawn.

D - incorrect - there may be other factors apart from environment which may affect the way mutations occur in other instances.

E - incorrect - What if the bacteria is different in nature than from that given in the experiment?

38). It is A

Premise: It is hard to fire Civil Service Employees.

Conclusion: This explains in large part why the government is so inefficient.

Assumption: The total number of civil service employees in the goverment is large/more

III.Most government workers are Civil Service employees - this is just the reverse of assumption - hence incorrect.

CR FUNDAMENTAL -- The inference must always be drawn from the premises and it must not be dependent on the assumption.